Director of rugby Billy Millard, who had backed Care to play on for another season, added: “Danny has been an incredible servant to our club and a true Harlequin, leading from the front with his exceptional professionalism, hard work, and determination to succeed.
“We love having Danny in our squad, he’s a great character and his infectious energy, alongside his experience, means he’s a hugely popular and important member of our Quins DNA.”
After losing to Toulouse in the European Champions Cup semi-final on Sunday, Care will hope to help Quins to another Premiership semi-final.
They lie fifth with two games remaining, level on points with Bristol in fourth, and travel to Exeter on Saturday before hosting Bristol in the final round.